{"id":119,"date":"2015-09-06T08:29:45","date_gmt":"2015-09-06T08:29:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/?page_id=119"},"modified":"2018-08-27T07:35:55","modified_gmt":"2018-08-27T07:35:55","slug":"independent-component-analysis-algorithms-and-watermarking","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/independent-component-analysis-algorithms-and-watermarking\/","title":{"rendered":"Independent Component Analysis and Blind Source Separation: Algorithms and Applications to Communications and Watermarking"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Overview<\/h2>\n<p>Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a technique to project a set of signals into another set,\u00a0or\u00a0components, as statistically independent as possible. When the original signals or observations are known to be a mixture of independent sources, ICA can be applied to separate them, recovering the sources. We say that ICA can be used to solve the blind source separation (BSS) problem.<\/p>\n<p>Our group has been working on the development of novel approaches to solve the ICA problem. In particular, we focused on the solving of the minimization of the entropy at the output, as ICA criterium. We approximated it by using moments up to fourth order. Then proved that, under mild conditions, in the two dimensional case the criterium reduces to a sinusoid, easily optimize. We also focused on the extension to the higher dimensional problem.<\/p>\n<p>We found that ICA applied to BSS could be used in several communications problems, such as CDMA and OFDM, proposing successful solutions.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, we first proposed ICA as a watermarking algorithm and applied it to images. The algorithm was based on the use of ICA to find a valid projection of an image. This projection acts as a key of the algorithm. The image to be watermarked is projected using this basis, and the watermark embedded into the components with larger energy.<\/p>\n<h2>Involved Members<\/h2>\n<p>Juan Jos\u00e9 Murillo Fuentes, Rafael Boloix Tortosa, Francisco J. Simois-Tirado<\/p>\n<h2>Code<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p4\">Matlab Code for the SICA algorithm. It includes also the minimization of the General Weighted Estimator (GWE). Optimized Jacobi Optimization is used. Real case is considered here.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">Function: <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/code\/ogwe\/ogwe.m\">ogwe.m<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">Demo: <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/code\/ogwe\/demo.m\">demo.m<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">Read me file: <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/code\/ogwe\/readme.txt\">readme.txt<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Publications<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"p3\">Journals<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">F.J. Simois, J.J. Murillo-Fuentes, R. Boloix-Tortosa, L. Salamanca (2012), &#8221;Near the Cram\u00e9r-Rao Bound Precoding Algorithms for OFDM Blind Channel Estimation&#8221;,\u00a0<i>IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology<\/i>, Vol. 61, N. 2, Pp. 651 &#8211; 661, Feb. 2012.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/..\/papers\/IEEETVT2012.pdf\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">J. J. Murillo-Fuentes and R. Boloix-Tortosa (2010). &#8221;Strict Separability and Identifiability of a Class\u00a0of ICA Models&#8221;.<i> IEEE Signal Processing Letters<\/i>, Vol. 17, N. 3, Pp. 285 &#8211; 288.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/..\/papers\/IEEESPL2010.pdf\">paper<\/a>\u00a0(the version in ieeexplore has important typos)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Juan. J.\u00a0Murillo-Fuentes (2007). &#8221;Independent component analisis in the\u00a0blind watermarking of digital image&#8221;, <\/span><i>Neurocomputing<\/i> Vol. 70, Pp. 2881-2890, 2007.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/Neurocomputing2007.pdf\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">Vicente Zarzoso, Juan J. Murillo-Fuentes, Rafael\u00a0Boloix-Tortosa, Asoke K. Nandi (2006). &#8221;Optimal pairwise fourth-order independent component\u00a0analysis&#8221;. <i>IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing<\/i>,\u00a0vol. 54, pp. 3049-3063. 2006. <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/IEEETSP06_01658259.pdf\">paper<\/a>\u00a0(See <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/ICAcode.htm\">code<\/a> section)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">J.J. Murillo-Fuentes (2005). &#8221;Robust Blind Image Watermarking with independent component\u00a0analysis: an embedding algorithm&#8221;.\u00a0<i>Lectures notes on computer science<\/i>, vol.\u00a03512, pp. 1100-1107, 2005. <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/iwann05.pdf\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">J.J. Murillo-Fuentes (2004). &#8221;Independent component analysis in the watermarking of\u00a0digital images&#8221;<i>Lectures Notes on Computer Science<\/i>, vol. 3195, pp. 938-945, 2004. <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/ica2004wat.pdf\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">R. Boloix-Tortosa, J.J.\u00a0Murillo-Fuentes (2004). &#8221;Blind Source Separation in the Adaptive Reduction of\u00a0Inter-Channel Interference for OFDM&#8221;. <i>Lectures notes on computer science<\/i>, vol. 3195,\u00a0Pp. 1142-1149, 2004. <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/ica2004ofdm.pdf\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">Juan J. Murillo-Fuentes and\u00a0Francisco J. Gonz\u00e1lez-Serrano (2004).\u2019\u2019A sinusoidal contrast function for the blind separation of\u00a0statistically independent sources\u2019\u2019, <i>IEEE Transactions on Signal\u00a0Processing<\/i>. vol. 52, n 12, pp. 3459-3463, 2004. <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/ieeetsp04.pdf\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">Antonio J. Caama\u00f1o, Rafael Boloix-Tortosa,\u00a0Javier Ramos and Juan J. Murillo-Fuentes (2004). \u2018\u2019Hybrid Higher Order Statistics Learning in Multiuser\u00a0Detection\u2019\u2019. <i>IEEE Transactions on System, Man and\u00a0Cybernetics, Part C<\/i>. vol. 34, n. 4, pp. 417-423, 2004. <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/HyHOS.pdf\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">J.J. Murillo-Fuentes and F. J.\u00a0Gonz\u00e1lez-Serrano (2000). &#8221;Improving stability in blind source separation with the\u00a0stochastic median gradien&#8221;. <i>IEE Electronic Letters<\/i>, V. 36,\u00a0N\u00ba 19, pp 1662-1663, September 2000. <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/el00mur.pdf\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">Juan. J. Murillo-Fuentes and Francisco J.\u00a0Gonz\u00e1lez-Serrano, &#8221;Median equivariant adaptive\u00a0separation via independence: application to\u00a0communications&#8221; <i>Neurocomputing<\/i>. Vol 49, issue<br \/>\n1-4, pp 389-409. 2002.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/paperN30.ps.zip\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"p3\">International Congress<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">J J. Murillo-Fuentes; R Boloix-Tortosa; S.\u00a0Hornillo-Mellado, V. Zarzoso (2004). &#8221;Independent Component Analysis Based on Marginal Entrophy\u00a0Approximations&#8221;, <i>In Proc. of the ISIAC International\u00a0Symposium on Intelligent Automation and Control (WAC)<\/i> 2004. <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/ISIAC-026.pdf\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">Juan J. Murillo-Fuentes, Rafael Boloix,Francisco J. Gonz\u00e1lez Serrano (2003), &#8221;Inititalized Jacobi Optimization\u00a0in Independent Component Analysis&#8221;. <i>In Proc. of the Congress on Independent Component Analysis (ICA)<\/i>. Nara (Japan), Pp. 1053-1058, Apr 2003<a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/ICA2003a.pdf\">. paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">Juan J. Murillo-Fuentes, Rafael Boloix,\u00a0Francisco J. Gonz\u00e1lez Serrano (2003), &#8221;Adaptive initialized jacobi optimization in independent component analysis&#8221;.\u00a0<i>In Proc. of the Congress on Independent Component Analysis (ICA)<\/i>. Nara (Japan), Pp. 1065-1070, Apr 2003<a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/ICA2003b.pdf\">. paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">Antonio Caama\u00f1o and Juan J. Murillo-Fuentes and\u00a0Francisco J. Gonz\u00e1lez-Serrano and Javier Ramos, &#8221;Natural\u00a0Gradient Based Multiuser Detection&#8221;. <i>In Proc of the IEEE The 13<br \/>\nth IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile\u00a0Radio Communications PIMRC 2002<\/i>. September 15-18, 2002 Lisbon,\u00a0Portugal. <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/pimrc02.pdf\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">Antonio J. Caama\u00f1o, Rafael Boloix, Tortosa y Juan J.\u00a0Murillo Fuentes (2002), &#8221;Centralized blind multiuser detection using\u00a0SICA&#8221;, <i>In Proc. of Advances in Multimedia Communication, Information Processing and Education (Learning)<\/i>. Legan\u00e9s (Spain).<a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/learning02.pdf\"> paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">J.J. Murillo-Fuentes and F. J. Gonz\u00e1lez-Serrano (2000).\u00a0&#8221;Higher Order Moments Algorithms for Blind Signal Separation&#8221;,\u00a0<i>In Proc. of the Congress on Independent Component Analysis (ICA)<\/i>, pp 345-350, Helsinki, Jun 2000.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/ica00mur.pdf\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">J.J. Murillo-Fuentes, F.J. Gonz\u00e1lez-Serrano (2001).\u00a0&#8221;Independent component analysis with sinusoidal fourth-order\u00a0contrasts&#8221;,<i> In Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal\u00a0Processing (ICASSP). Pp. 2785-2788. IEEE Press.<\/i>IEEE. Salt Lake City (USA), 2001. <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/icassp01mur1.pdf\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">F.J. Gonz\u00e1lez-Serrano, H.Y. Molina-Bulla, J.J.\u00a0Murillo-Fuentes (2001). &#8221;Independent component analysis applied to\u00a0digital image watermarking&#8221;. <i>In Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics,\u00a0Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE Press.<\/i> Pp. 1997-2000. Salt Lake City (USA), 2001.<a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/icassp01mur2.pdf\"> paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p4\">J.J. Murillo-Fuentes, M. S\u00e1nchez-Fern\u00e1ndez, A.\u00a0Caama\u00f1o-Fern\u00e1ndez and F.J.\u00a0Gonz\u00e1lez-Serrano (2001). &#8221;Apdative blind joint source-phase\u00a0separation in digital communications&#8221;. <i> IEEE International\u00a0Conference on Communications (ICC)<\/i>. IEEE. Helsinki,\u00a0Finland. Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications.\u00a0Pp. 930-934, 2001. <a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/icc01mur.ps.zip\">paper<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><strong>Acknowledgements<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p>These results were possible thanks to public funding. The Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the Universidad de Sevilla\u00a0trusted us\u00a0to carry out this research as professor. The Spanish Government and the European Union (FEDER) also founded this research through\u00a0the projects MEC.CICYT.TIC 2003-03781 and TEC2006-13514-C02-2\/TCM.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/US-e1439833635430.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-68 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/US-e1439833635430.jpg\" alt=\"US\" width=\"70\" height=\"64\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/ica\/https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/feder.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-65 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/feder-300x62.jpg\" alt=\"feder\" width=\"300\" height=\"62\" srcset=\"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/feder-300x62.jpg 300w, https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/feder.jpg 524w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b><strong>Copyright Notice<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p>The material above is presented here to ensure dissemination of scholar and technical work by the author. Copyright and all rights are retained by authors and\u00a0other copyright holders. Accordingly, all persons using this material are expected to adhere to the terms and\u00a0constraints invoked by each holder&#8217;s copyright. Notice that, in most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit\u00a0permission of the copyright holder.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a technique to project a set of signals into another set,\u00a0or\u00a0components, as statistically independent&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":140,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-119","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/119\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/grupo.us.es\/gapsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}