Copper mining and metallurgy were central forces driving social and economic transformation during the Bronze Age. The extraction, distribution, and consumption of copper enabled new systems of long-distance exchange, interaction, and social differentiation that supported the emergence of increasingly complex societies across Europe. Recent discoveries and analytical studies show that copper moved across vast distances, linking ore-producing regions in Iberia with consumers from the Mediterranean to northern Europe, leading to a revised picture of Iberia’s role within this system. This international conference explores and debates how recent fieldwork in southwestern Iberia challenges long-standing assumptions about the place of Iberia in the metal economies of Bronze Age Europe.